NCES.8.E.2 - Understand the history of Earth and its life forms based on evidence of change recorded in fossil records and landforms.
- NCES.8.E.2.1 - Infer the age of Earth and relative age of rocks and fossils from index fossils and ordering of rock layers (relative dating and radioactive dating).
- NCES.8.E.2.2 - Explain the use of fossils, ice cores, composition of sedimentary rocks, faults, and igneous rock formations found in rock layers as evidence of the history of the Earth and its changing life forms.